Protocol for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use in Nepal

The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health threats of the 21st century. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials have accelerated the development of resistance, emphasizing the urgent need for robust systems to monitor and regulate antimicrobial use (AMU). In Nepal—where healthcare access is highly diverse and decentralized—a well-structured surveillance system is critical for effectively managing AMR risks.

This Protocol for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use in Nepal is a landmark initiative to systematically monitor and analyze antimicrobial consumption (AMC) trends at a national level. It provides a comprehensive framework for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting AMU data from domestic manufacturers and importers, ensuring alignment with global standards for AMR containment.

Key Objectives

Standardize AMU Surveillance
Establish a uniform framework for collection, analysis, and reporting of antimicrobial consumption data at the national level.
Generate Reliable Evidence
Provide accurate, systematic, and comparable data on AMU to guide national public health strategies.
Inform Policy and Practice
Use surveillance data to shape evidence-based policies and strengthen AMR containment measures.
Align with Global Initiatives
Ensure compatibility with global AMR surveillance systems, enabling Nepal to contribute to international AMR mitigation efforts.

Stakeholders

Department of Drug Administration (DDA) – Lead implementing authority
Nepalese Pharmaceutical Companies and Drug Manufacturers – Responsible for reporting AMU data
Importers Registered with the DDA – Provide data on imported antimicrobials
Healthcare Policymakers and AMR Committees – Use findings to inform decision-making

Significance

Provides national-level evidence on antimicrobial consumption.
Enables policy formulation, regulation, and stewardship to curb AMR.
Positions Nepal as a proactive participant in global AMR surveillance networks.
Supports healthcare providers, pharmaceutical stakeholders, and policymakers in optimizing antimicrobial stewardship.