• About
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms Of Use
  • Contact
Sunday, April 2, 2023
Pharma Info Nepal
  • Home
  • Loksewa
  • License
  • Questions
  • Vacancy
  • Downloads
  • Notice
  • Pharmacy Books
  • Pharmacy Notes
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Loksewa
  • License
  • Questions
  • Vacancy
  • Downloads
  • Notice
  • Pharmacy Books
  • Pharmacy Notes
No Result
View All Result
Pharma Info Nepal
No Result
View All Result
Home Study Materials

Pregnancy Categories Medicine

Pregnancy Categories Medicine

Nabin Bista by Nabin Bista
June 2, 2021
in Study Materials
0
Pregnancy Categories Medicine
770
VIEWS
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

Pregnancy Categories Medicine

Some women need to take medicines during pregnancy for health problems like diabetes, depression, morning sickness or seizures. Always talk with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist before taking any medicines, vitamins or herbs. Don’t stop taking your prescription medicines unless your healthcare provider says that it is OK.

Pregnancy can be an exciting time. However, this time can also make you feel uneasy if you are not sure how your medicines will affect your baby. Not all medicines are safe to take when you are pregnant. Even headache or pain medicine may not be safe during certain times in your pregnancy.

Always talk to your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist before you take any medicines, herbs, or vitamins. Don’t stop taking your medicines until your healthcare provider says that it is OK.

FDA Pregnancy Risk Categories.

In 1979, the FDA established five letter risk categories – A, B, C, D or X – to indicate the potential of a drug to cause birth defects if used during pregnancy. The categories were determined by assessing the reliability of documentation and the risk to benefit ratio. These categories did not take into account any risks from pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk. In the drug product label, this information was found in the section “Use in Specific Populations”.

The former pregnancy categories, which still may be found in some package inserts, were as follows:

Category A

Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters). Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

Example drugs or substances: levothyroxine, folic acid, liothyronine,Thiamine, Pyridoxine, Docusate, Senna, Bisacodyl, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Isoniazid

Category B

Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk

Antibiotics
Penicillin V, Penicillin G Benzathine, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Ticarcillin/Clavulanate, Dicloxacillin, Cloxacillin, Nafcillin, Ceftriaxone, Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefepime, Cefuroxime, Ceftaroline fosamil, Cefdinir, Cefadroxil, Cefpodoxime, Cefprozil, Ceftolozane/tazobactam, Cefditoren Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Fidaxomicin, Spiramycin Metronidazole Daptomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin Aztreonam, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Doripenem Mupirocin Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Other Antimicrobials
Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir, Amphotericin B, Clotrimazole (topical, vulvovaginal), Terbinafine, Mefloquine Permethrin, Emtricitabine/tenofovir (Truvada), Nitazoxanide, Praziquantel, Raxibacumab

Antiemetics and other GI medications
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron, Dimenhydrinate, Famotidine, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Lactulose, Psyllium, Loperamide, Dicyclomine, Ursodiol, Sucralfate
Analgesics and other Drugs
Acetaminophen, Ketamine, Meperidine, Cyclobenzaprine, Indomethacin, Meclizine, Clozapine, Benztropine, Buspirone, Methylphenidate

Cardiovascular Medications
Hydrochlorothiazide, Fenoldopam, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid, Amiloride, Epoprostenol (prostacyclin), Sildenafil, Dobutamine, Sotalol

Antiplatelet and Anticoagulants
Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Eptifibatide, Ticlopidine, Tirofiban, Apixaban, Argatroban, Bivalirudin, Fondaparinux, Enoxaparin, Antidotes, EDTA, Levocarnitine, Cyproheptadine, Idarucizumab, N-acetylcysteine

Miscellaneous
Ipratropium, Budesonide, Ranitidine, Cimetidine, Metformin, Oxybutynin, Tamsulosin, Phenazopyridine, Bromocriptine, Glycopyrrolate, Montelukast, Desmopressin, Glucagon, Prilocaine, Propofol, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Sulfasalazine

Category C

Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

Example drugs: gabapentin, amlodipine, trazodone

Category D

There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

Example drugs:

Antimicrobials
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline, Tigecycline, Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Primaquine, Hydroxychloroquine

AEDs and other neuro/psych medicines 
Phenytoin, Fosphenytoin, Carbamazepine, Midazolam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Magnesium sulfate (despite being drug-of-choice for eclampsia), Lithium, Topiramate, Pentobarbital,

Cardiovascular
Amiodarone, Atenolol, Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Benazepril, Losartan, Valsartan, Aspirin (3rd trimester), Edoxaban, Warfarin

Miscellaneous

Cortisone, Flunisolide, Mycophenolate mofetil, Penicillamine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil, Potassium iodide, Hydroxyurea, Zoledronate, Bismuth subsalicylate (3rd trimester only), Cyclophosphamide, Ibuprofen (3rd trimester only, otherwise category C), Meloxicam (if >30wks, otherwise category C), Tamoxifen

Category X

Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits. Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

Example drugs: Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Methotrexate, Finasteride, Valproate, Ribavirin, Triazolam, Bosentan, Aliskiren, Levonorgestrel, Ulipristal, Griseofulvin, Methylene blue, Oxytocin, Riociguat, Isotretinoin

 



  • Principles of Drug Action
  • Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
  • Don’t Use Some Drugs with Grapefruit


Follow us on Facebook : Pharma Info Nepal 

Tags: Medicine InformationStudy Materials
Previous Post

Pharmacology Facts Every Pharmacist Should Know

Next Post

Pharmacy Service Criteria as Per Health Institution Operation Standard 2077

Nabin Bista

Nabin Bista

Hello, Thank You for visiting my blog I am Nabin Bista, Dedicated and self motivated young Pharmacist from Nepal. Blogging is my passion. I am studying B Pharmacy at Institute of Medicine - IOM. If you want me to write about any posts that you found confusing/difficult, please mention in the comments below.

Related Posts

Quality Assurance Department Pharmaceutical Industry

Quality Assurance Department

March 18, 2023
Importanat Pharma Abbreviation 

Importanat Pharma Abbreviation 

August 3, 2022
Why is a Separate Manufacturing Facility Required For Penicillin And Non Penicillin Products ?

Why is a Separate Manufacturing Facility Required For Penicillin And Non Penicillin Products ?

July 23, 2022
List of Free Medicine in Nepal

List of Free Medicine in Nepal

July 20, 2022
Load More
Next Post
Pharmacy Service Criteria as Per Health Institution Operation Standard 2077

Pharmacy Service Criteria as Per Health Institution Operation Standard 2077

Discussion about this post

Recommended

How COVID-19 Vaccines are Regulated for Safety and Effectiveness

How COVID-19 Vaccines are Regulated for Safety and Effectiveness

2 years ago
Vacancy Announcement Quest Pharmaceuticals 

Vacancy Announcement Quest Pharmaceuticals 

2 years ago

Don't Miss

Pharmacy Officer Loksewa Question Paper Solution 2079 

Pharmacy Officer Loksewa Question Paper Solution 2079 

April 1, 2023
Diploma Pharmacy New Curriculum 2nd and 3rd Year CTEVT

Diploma Pharmacy New Curriculum 2nd and 3rd Year CTEVT

March 27, 2023
Vacancy Announcement for Consultant Quality Management Systems Internal Auditor Training and Assist on Internal Quality Audit at DDA

Vacancy Announcement for QMS Internal Auditor Consultant MSH

March 22, 2023
Vacancy Announcement Procurement and Supply Management (PSM) Specialist

Vacancy Announcement Procurement and Supply Management (PSM) Specialist

March 21, 2023

About Pharma Info Nepal

Pharma Info Nepal (Nabin’s Blog) was initiated in 2019 with the aim of providing relevant and accurate information for pharmacy, nursing and other health professionals. Since then it is conveying health related educational and informational updates of Nepal. It serves as a source for learning materials on diverse topics relating to medicine intended basically for pharmacy and nursing students. It covers job opportunities, question collections for pharmacy license, nursing license as well as various competitive exams.

Our readers rely on us for the well referenced and latest updates collected from the reliable sites.

Follow us

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • YouTube
  • Instagram

Information Reader

Contents (text, image, graphics, documents and other materials) published on this portal are collected from other relevant sources with the sole purpose of sharing information. Contents and features are subject to change and all rights reserved to Pharma info Nepal. The information presented on this web portal and its official social media handles have no affiliation to any organization that author is involved with either professionally or personally.

If you have found anything displayed incorrectly or have further suggestions on improving our effort, please do not hesitate to reach out at pharmainfonepal1@gmail.com !
We hope you find Pharma info Nepal a helpful site. Thanks !!!

Categories

  • B Pharmacy
  • Colleges
  • D Pharmacy
  • Downloads
  • License
  • Loksewa
  • M Pharmacy
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Notice
  • Nursing
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacy Notes
  • Questions
  • Scholarship
  • Study Materials
  • Syllabus
  • Updates
  • Vacancy

DOWNLOADS

Pharmacy Book 

Pharmacy Act and Guidelines

About Pharma Info Nepal

About Admin

  • About
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms Of Use
  • Contact

© 2021 Nabin's Blog

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Loksewa
  • License
  • Questions
  • Vacancy
  • Downloads
  • Notice
  • Pharmacy Books
  • Pharmacy Notes

© 2021 Nabin's Blog

error: