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Home Study Materials

Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

Pharma Info Nepal by Pharma Info Nepal
April 16, 2021
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Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

According to WHO, an antidote is defined as a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic actions of a specified xenobiotic. Antidotes reduce the overall burden of health service in managing of poisoning cases.

The term antidote is a Greek word “Antididonai” meaning “given against”. In Cambridge dictionary, antidote is defined as a chemical especially a drug that limits the effects of a poison or a way of preventing or acting against something bad Poison + antidote = destroy poisoning.

The antidotes for some particular toxins are manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and extracting the resulting antibodies from the host animals’ blood. This results in an antivenom that can be used to counteract venom produced by certain species of snakes, spiders, and other venomous animals. Some animal venoms, especially those produced by arthropods (such as certain spiders, scorpions, and bees) are only potentially lethal when they provoke allergic reactions and induce anaphylactic shock; as such, there is no “antidote” for these venoms; however anaphylactic shock can be treated (e.g. with epinephrine).

Organophosphorus (42.9%), medicines (20.1%), and rodenticide poisoning (10.7%) were common poisons. Metacid (Methyl parathion) (15.5%) was the most popular brand of poisoning agent used in Nepal for suicidal purpose.
Activated charcoal can be used to reverse the effects of many different oral toxins, Activated Charcoal is also known as Physical Antidote(Universal Antidote)

List of Important Drugs Antidotes

 

Antidote Drug
Activated charcoal Many oral toxins
Theophylline Adenosine poisoning
Beta blockers Theophylline
Calcium chloride Calcium channel blockers

Black widow spider bites

Calcium gluconate Hydrofluoric acid
EDTA Heavy metal poisoning
Hydroxocobalamin

Amyl nitrite

Sodium nitrite

Succimer

Cyanide poisoning
Cyproheptadine Serotonin syndrome / toxicity
Deferoxamine Iron poisoning
Digoxin Immune Fab Digoxin poisoning
Flumazenil Benzodiazepine overdose
Glucagon Beta blockers
100% oxygen Carbon monoxide
Idarucizumab Dabigatran etexilate
Leucovorin / folinic acid Methotrexate
Naloxone Opioid overdose
N-acetylcysteine Acetaminophen
Octreotide Oral hypoglycemic drugs
Pralidoxime chloride Organophosphates
Protamine sulfate Heparin
Prussian blue Thallium poisoning
Physostigmine Anticholinergics
Pyridoxine Isoniazid
Phytomenadione (vit. K) Warfarin poisoning
Sodium bicarbonate Aspirin, TCAs
Succimer Lead poisoning

Please do not use these medicines without the advice of a health worker as they may have side effects.



  • National List of Essential Medicines Nepal
  • Emergency Drugs List of Nepal 
  • List of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs

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