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Home Study Materials

Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

Nabin Bista by Nabin Bista
April 16, 2021
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Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

Important Drug Antidotes You Need to Know

According to WHO, an antidote is defined as a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic actions of a specified xenobiotic. Antidotes reduce the overall burden of health service in managing of poisoning cases.

The term antidote is a Greek word “Antididonai” meaning “given against”. In Cambridge dictionary, antidote is defined as a chemical especially a drug that limits the effects of a poison or a way of preventing or acting against something bad Poison + antidote = destroy poisoning.

The antidotes for some particular toxins are manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and extracting the resulting antibodies from the host animals’ blood. This results in an antivenom that can be used to counteract venom produced by certain species of snakes, spiders, and other venomous animals. Some animal venoms, especially those produced by arthropods (such as certain spiders, scorpions, and bees) are only potentially lethal when they provoke allergic reactions and induce anaphylactic shock; as such, there is no “antidote” for these venoms; however anaphylactic shock can be treated (e.g. with epinephrine).

Organophosphorus (42.9%), medicines (20.1%), and rodenticide poisoning (10.7%) were common poisons. Metacid (Methyl parathion) (15.5%) was the most popular brand of poisoning agent used in Nepal for suicidal purpose.
Activated charcoal can be used to reverse the effects of many different oral toxins, Activated Charcoal is also known as Physical Antidote(Universal Antidote)

List of Important Drugs Antidotes

 

AntidoteDrug
Activated charcoalMany oral toxins
TheophyllineAdenosine poisoning
Beta blockersTheophylline
Calcium chlorideCalcium channel blockers

Black widow spider bites

Calcium gluconateHydrofluoric acid
EDTAHeavy metal poisoning
Hydroxocobalamin

Amyl nitrite

Sodium nitrite

Succimer

Cyanide poisoning
CyproheptadineSerotonin syndrome / toxicity
DeferoxamineIron poisoning
Digoxin Immune FabDigoxin poisoning
FlumazenilBenzodiazepine overdose
GlucagonBeta blockers
100% oxygenCarbon monoxide
IdarucizumabDabigatran etexilate
Leucovorin / folinic acidMethotrexate
NaloxoneOpioid overdose
N-acetylcysteineAcetaminophen
OctreotideOral hypoglycemic drugs
Pralidoxime chlorideOrganophosphates
Protamine sulfateHeparin
Prussian blueThallium poisoning
PhysostigmineAnticholinergics
PyridoxineIsoniazid
Phytomenadione (vit. K)Warfarin poisoning
Sodium bicarbonateAspirin, TCAs
SuccimerLead poisoning

Please do not use these medicines without the advice of a health worker as they may have side effects.



  • National List of Essential Medicines Nepal
  • Emergency Drugs List of Nepal 
  • List of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs

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Nabin Bista

Nabin Bista

Hello, Thank You for visiting my blog I am Nabin Bista, Dedicated and self motivated young Pharmacist from Nepal. Blogging is my passion. I am studying B Pharmacy at Institute of Medicine - IOM. If you want me to write about any posts that you found confusing/difficult, please mention in the comments below.

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